Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Fat Grafting: Article Review

Regenerative therapy with stem cells in fat grafting has emerged as a promising strategy to improve graft survival and tissue quality.The application of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) enhances angiogenesis, reduces fat resorption and promotes tissue remodeling, overcoming limitations of conventional lipotransfer techniques.Preclinical studies show that ADSCs secrete angiogenic factors such as VEGF and HGF, improving local neovascularization and graft integration.Initial clinical trials demonstrate greater volume retention and reduced fibrosis in cell-assisted grafts compared to pure fat grafts.However, variation in protocols for ADSC isolation, cultivation and concentration hinders result standardization and direct comparison between studies.Another concern involves safety: although most studies report no significant adverse events, long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate theoretical risks, such as potential tumorigenesis.This review analyzes the mechanisms of action of ADSCs in fat grafting, outlines key cell preparation methods and describes relevant clinical outcomes.Regulatory challenges, ethical issues and future perspectives are also discussed, including bioengineering techniques and three-dimensional scaffolds to optimize regenerative therapy.Finally, the urgency of randomized, multicenter and long-term studies is emphasized to consolidate evidence of efficacy and safety, aiming at the clinical incorporation of this approach in soft tissue reconstruction and harmonization.