Morphometric classification and spatial distribution of dolines in southern Slovenia

Dolines have traditionally been classified based on qualitative descriptions. This research presents the first attempt to connect a morphometric classification of dolines with existing morphological typologies in Slovenia. Using an automatic detection algorithm on a digital elevation model, we identified 179,288 standalone dolines and classified them into four classes based on morphometric characteristics. The classes were interpreted using statistical and spatial analyses. Dolines in Slovenia can be grouped into bowl-, funnel-, well-shaped, and elongated types. The type and distribution of dolines reflect the properties of karst, particularly sediment coverage and cone karst features. This research marks an initial step toward the systematic study of dolines, laying a foundation for further research.