Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT): An Intelligent Framework for Automated Manufacturing

IoRT is transforming manufacturing because it brings together robotics, the IoT and AI. IoRT serves as the backbone of Industry 4.0 by joining together intelligent robots, sensors, platforms at the edge and in the cloud and AI to allow for monitoring, thinking and acting all at real time. As a result, organizations become more efficient, adaptable and ready to respond in today’s manufacturing world. This study investigates all major elements of IoRT systems, focusing on perception layers that use sensors and actuators, network protocols such as MQTT and 5G and processing layers relying on edge and cloud computing. Adaptive control, predictive maintenance and quality assurance are main areas where AI is used. New technologies in robotics allow equipment to identify faults, anticipate when machinery will fail and manage workload with nearly no requirement for people to intervene. Additionally, IoRT helps create cobots, so robots work safely together with people and boost productivity as well as ergonomic well-being. The paper further looks into important obstacles that stop IoRT adoption such as difficulties in making different robot platforms interoperate, slow responses in real-time communication, risks of losing privacy and computer attacks and how difficult it is to manage many intelligent robots at once. So, these recent research areas—edge AI, digital twins for live monitoring, 6G-based ultra-reliable networks and ethical approaches to AI—are being considered as answers to these issues. All in all, this review explains that IoRT is more than a technical union; it provides a plan for how manufacturing systems should operate, adjust and progress. Autonomous systems powered by data are helping IoRT redefine manufacturing as an intelligent, strong and user-friendly place which is an important move toward bringing Industry 4.0 to life.