Impact of Combined Chemical Reactions and Thermal Dispersion on Convective Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid Porous Medium

The present study is characterized by numerical analysis concerning thermal dispersion's influence on heat and mass transfer flow towards a stretching plate in a saturated porous medium filled with Cu/Al2O3-water hybrid nanofluid, considering the presence of homogeneous (HOM)-heterogeneous (HET) chemical reactions. A new model of (HOM-HET) chemical reactions is constructed where the (HET) reactions occur on the surfaces of the solid matrix within the porous medium and the plate, following first-order kinetics. In contrast, the homogeneous (HOM) reaction takes place in the fluid phase and is described by isothermal cubic autocatalytic kinetics. The momentum, energy, and mass transfer phenomena are governed by a set of partial differential equations with appropriate similarity transformations that yield four coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting system of governing equations is solved numerically through a computationally efficient finite-difference scheme. The numerical results are validated through comparison with available data, showing good agreement. The numerical results demonstrate the influence of physical control parameters on the flow dynamics, thermal distribution, and solute concentration profiles. Furthermore, key solution characteristics, including the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient, are tabulated.