The effects of yoga practice on body composition, body perception and cardiorespiratory fitness in adult females

Yoga is widely practiced to enhance mental and physical health. This study examined whether yoga experience affects body perception, body composition, respiratory function, and cardiovascular fitness. Forty-two yoga practitioners and 15 female walkers (aged 18–64) participated. Physical activity and body perception were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Body Perception Scale. Body composition index (BMI) and respiratory function were evaluated using a body composition analyzer (Tanita MC-180MA, Japan) and a spirometer (MIR Spirolab III, Italy). Cardiovascular fitness was measured using the Queen’s College Step Test. No significant differences were found among three groups in body perception scores, BMI, or total fat percentage. However, trunk fat mass was higher in the walking group than in both yoga groups. Total and trunk muscle mass were higher in the less experienced yoga group than in the walking group, with no difference between yoga groups. VO2 max was significantly higher in the highly experienced yoga group compared to both other groups. FVC and FEV1 showed no differences. However, FEF 25-75 and PEFR differed significantly between the less experienced yoga and walking groups, with no difference between yoga groups. Yoga experience may improve cardiorespiratory fitness but does not significantly impact respiratory function, body composition, or body perception. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships.