Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum): An ayurvedic review with contemporary correlation

Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl.), belonging to the family Solanaceae, is one of the important medicinal plants included in Daśamūla and Pañcamūla. It is described in classical Ayurvedic texts for its efficacy in Śvāsa (dyspnea/asthma), Kāsa (cough), Hikka (hiccup), Mutrakṛcchra (dysuria), and Śūla (colicky pain). It is known for its Kaṭu rasa, Laghu and Rūkṣa guṇa, Uṣṇa vīrya, and Kaṭu vipāka. Modern pharmacological studies reveal its bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activities. This article attempts to review the Ayurvedic references, pharmacological actions, phytochemistry, and therapeutic potentials of Kaṇṭakārī in the light of modern research.