Modern trends in the development of alkylation catalysts

The article considers existing catalysts of the alkylation process and modern directions of improving their properties. The purpose of the alkylation process is to convert low-value products of thermocatalytic processes into valuable components that increase the octane number of gasoline. Alkylate meets strict environmental requirements, does not contain benzene, is characterized by low saturated vapor pressure and contains virtually no sulfur. Classic acid catalysts of the process have a number of disadvantages associated with environmental risks and operational difficulties. Therefore, in modern production, alternative methods are sought that are less harmful to the environment and safe for personnel. In addition, the development of new modified catalytic systems will improve the efficiency of alkylation processes of aromatic compounds. A promising direction for the development of the process is the transition to solid acid catalysts that exclude toxic and aggressive volatile components, have a low level of production waste, and are highly active, selectivity, and stability. An increase in selectivity, stability, reaction rate, and yield of target products is achieved by changing the pore structure, acid-active properties of the surface, and the use of hybrid materials and promoters. In addition, the applied metal catalysts allow the alkylation process to be carried out at moderate temperatures in combination with the ease of separation from the reaction mass. The use of physical methods of catalyst activation in combination with chemical treatment yields significant positive results. The main disadvantages of using solid catalysts are their short service life and the difficulty of regeneration during rapid treatment. These parameters largely determine the economic feasibility of the process, which hinders the active introduction of such catalysts into industry.