Axenic cultivation of bryophytes: Cultivated species checklist

Bryophytes represent the second largest group of land plants and play key ecological roles in colonisation, water regulation, and habitat formation. In addition to their ecological significance, they are also a rich source of biologically active compounds with potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. However, bryophytes remain challenging to cultivate under controlled, particularly axenic conditions, due to their slow growth, strict ecological requirements, and the limited knowledge of their nutritional and reproductive biology, particularly in less common species. As a result, only a small fraction of species have been successfully maintained in axenic culture, and information on cultivation methods is scattered and often overlooked. To bridge this gap, we conducted an in-depth survey of the published literature on axenically cultivated bryophytes, compiled a comprehensive check?list with references to the original sources, and highlighted emerging model species. This checklist and literature database provide a valuable resource by consolidating dispersed knowledge, serving both as a foundation for future studies in bryophyte biology and conservation and as a platform to expand their biotechnological potential.