Microcirculatory and tissue system as a marker of prenosological disorders of cardiovascular health in schoolchildren

Relevance. The origins of cardiovascular pathology lie in childhood. The introduction of preventive medicine technologies in pediatrics should lead to significant results in the maintenance of adult health. Objective. To study the state of the microcirculatory and tissue systems in schoolchildren to determine pre-nosological cardiovascular risk screening markers. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 190 school-age children (14–17 years old) was conducted at the Children’s Health Center of Smolensk as part of preventive examinations of schoolchildren. Random sampling was used to enroll 82 schoolchildren. The examined schoolchildren were divided into 3 groups: Group 1–24 schoolchildren with a body mass index (BMI) within ±1 SDS BMI (kg/m 2 ) and a normal outpatient blood pressure level; Group 2–36 schoolchildren with a BMI within ≥ +1 SDS BMI (kg/m 2 ) and a normal outpatient blood pressure level; and Group 3 comprised 22 schoolchildren with a BMI in the range ≥ +1 SDS BMI (kg/m 2 ) and elevated systolic blood pressure. Comprehensive examination of the schoolchildren included anthropometry [weight, height, BMI (kg/m 2 )], laser Doppler flowmetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy of the skin in the forearm area using a «Lasma PF» analyzer (Russia). Results. Analysis of the structure of the functional state of the microcirculatory and tissue system (FS MTS) in the examined schoolchildren revealed that in children of the 2 nd Group, increased activity of FS MTS was recorded 1,8 times more often (p < 0,05) than in children of the 1st Group, and FS decompensation was already noted MTS in 11.1 % of children of the 2 nd Group. In the 3rd Group, compared with the 2 nd Group, active FS MTS was 7,8 times less likely to be registered, indicating the preservation of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms at the microcirculatory level. Simultaneously, 72.7 % of the children in Group 3 showed increased FS MTS activity, and FS MTS compensation was detected significantly more often than in Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions. Screening prenosological markers of cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese schoolchildren according to the results of laser Doppler flowmetry and laser fluorescence spectroscopy (Lasma PF) are the "increased activity" of FS MTS against the background of high values of the flaxmotion index (increased sympathetic effects on microcirculatory blood flow).