Towards the time-resolved spectroscopy of photoinduced electron dynamics in nuclear transitions

The interaction between nuclear and electronic states plays a fundamental role in many nuclear processes. While such nucleus-electron couplings have been extensively studied using nuclear physics methodologies, recent advancements in light sources have introduced novel schemes for nuclear photoexcitation. This breakthrough enables a new class of experiments that could revolutionize our understanding and control of nuclear states. In this work, we review the research on electron processes associated with nuclear transitions, and the light sources that have been used for nuclear photoexcitation. Furthermore, we explore the potential for establishing time-resolved spectroscopy of electron-nucleus couplings, drawing connections to state-of-the-art light sources and time-resolved studies in atomic and molecular physics. By addressing both challenges and opportunities, we aim to provide a roadmap for future research in this interdisciplinary field. This emerging platform, linking nuclear science, atomic physics, and photonics, holds great promise for driving groundbreaking scientific and technological advancements.