Copper nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic approach for canine distemper virus: Clinical, hematological, and biochemical evidence from naturally infected dogs

CuNPs demonstrated significant antiviral activity and clinical benefit in dogs naturally infected with CDV. The findings suggest that CuNPs may represent a promising adjunctive therapy for canine distemper. However, larger controlled trials are warranted to validate efficacy, optimize dosing, and ensure long-term safety.