Sampled-Data model of primary-secondary frequency control: Stability and optimal operation

In this paper, a sampled-data system is introduced for the unified modeling of primary and secondary frequency control of a power system. This is used to investigate the effect of the sampling period on stability conditions, as well as to derive optimal settings for the bias coefficient of the Area Control Error. Stability and optimal conditions are derived and tested by simulations. Four single-area systems, as well as a two-area system, dominated by different generator technologies are considered as case studies.