Potential Market for the Simultaneous Provision of Instantaneous and Primary Reserves in Germany

This paper proposes a German market framework for the combined provision of instantaneous reserve (IR) and primary reserve (PR), aligned with German VDE FNN guidelines. The review on the regulation and markets gives an insight on balancing services, presenting a frequency-based control power that is used to stabilize the grid. A simplified model demonstrates the simultaneous supply of IR and PR using grid-forming inverters and a pricing structure for IR is introduced to evaluate the profitability of the inertia provision in this combined market. A case study quantifies additional IR provision and profits from a 50 MW storage system alongside a PR bid, showing the potential for increased market opportunities.