Optimizing RFID Tracking System Reliability in Industry Environments Using DOE

The integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in manufacturing, particularly on production lines, has enabled fully automated tracking and monitoring systems. This study implements an RFID-based system using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an MFRC522 RFID reader module to communicate with passive RFID tags. Various materials-metal, glass, wood, plastic, and paper—were tested to evaluate their impact on RFID system performance. Additionally, different RFID tag forms, such as cards and keychains, were analyzed for their effect on signal reliability. A two-factor factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was applied to assess how key variables influence tag detection. Using Minitab software, a two-way ANOVA, along with interaction and main effects plots, was performed. Results revealed that both product type and distance significantly affected data delivery ratio (p = 0.000), and their interaction was also statistically significant. Furthermore, the interaction between distance and tag type influenced performance (p = 0.047). For latency measurements, ANOVA indicated that the distance, tag type, and product type collectively impact system latency. These findings provide valuable insight into optimizing RFID deployment in diverse industrial settings.