Design Automation of Sub-1V Bandgap Reference Using the CCC Framework

This paper presents an automated design procedure for sub-1 V bandgap voltage references that uses the CUAS Cell Creator (CCC) framework with the g<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf>/I<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf> design methodology and precomputed device lookup tables. The tool automatically sizes transistors and biasing elements based on user-defined input specifications, including target reference voltage, operating temperature range, and power consumption constraints. The generator ensures reliable startup and temperature stability while operating from supply voltages as low as 1 V to deliver a 0.6 V reference voltage. Implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology, the automated design achieves temperature coefficients of 53.37 ppm/°C over the temperature range -40°C to 125°C, 23.36 ppm/°C over the commercial range -30°C to 125°C, and less than 7 ppm/°C over the temperature range 0°C to 125°C. The proposed generator significantly reduces design effort by automating the complete design space exploration.