Harmonic Measurements of Electric Vehicles During Charging: Comparison with Regulatory Limits

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) into low voltage distribution networks has introduced major concerns in terms of harmonic distortion and power quality. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of harmonic emissions during EV charging sessions based on field measurements and evaluates their compliance with regulatory standards. Four EV models, employing distinct charging strategies—Constant Current (CC), Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CCCV), and Multi-Stage Constant Current (MSCC)—were analyzed. Measurements focused on harmonic currents up to the 50th order, assessing total harmonic distortion (THD) and individual harmonic emissions under diverse operational scenarios. The findings indicate that the harmonic distortion levels during simultaneous EV charging sessions are determined by a combination of vehicle-specific factors and operational practices. Furthermore, the study examines EV harmonic emissions and compares them with the limits set by standard IEC 61000-3-12, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive framework to address this power quality disturbance.