Technoeconomic Analysis of Performance-Linked Business Cases in intelligent Grid-Forming Buildings

The transition to sustainable energy systems requires innovative approaches for integrating buildings into the energy grid. Current business models for buildings often fail to address the role of buildings as flexibility providers to the grid and other consumers. This paper presents the Performance-Linked Energy Storage Intelligence (PLESI) business model, leveraging intelligent Grid-Forming Buildings (iGFBs) to improve energy management and economic performance. We develop a mathematical model that incorporates flexible loads, renewable generation, thermal building loads, and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). Sensitivity analyses show that the internal rate of return increases with the peak load-to-BESS power ratio. Besides, economies of scale arise when increasing the number of end-users, resulting in savings up to 45% for optimal configurations.