A Simulation-Based Framework for Assessing the Transmission System Impact of Offshore Wind Penetration in Europe Using Open-Source Data

In recent years, offshore wind energy has emerged as a transformative technology for sustainable power generation. However, the lack of open-source transmission models presents significant challenges for stakeholders seeking to assess the impact of offshore wind integration into existing power systems. To address this gap, this paper introduces a comprehensive simulation-based framework designed to evaluate the effects of offshore wind penetration on transmission networks By leveraging open-source tools such as PyPSA-Eur and PyPSA (Python for Power System Analysis) for data acquisition, system modeling, and load flow analysis, the framework offers a robust and scalable methodology for analyzing steady-state grid performance under various wind integration scenarios. The framework empowers users to customize the system by adjusting peak load, modifying generation dispatch, and reconfiguring other network elements, while providing advanced visualization tools to effectively communicate key insights. A case study involving the integration of a 1 GW offshore wind farm into the Greek transmission system is presented, where system load was scaled from 5.2 GW to 10 GW to better reflect realistic peak conditions. Results show significant redistributions in power flows, highlighting the need for careful transmission planning. Designed to support researchers, policymakers, municipalities, and small to medium enterprises, the framework offers a flexible, accessible, and scalable tool to aid decision-making and contribute to the broader adoption of renewable energy.