Regional centres of inertia by clustering-based identification

This study applies graph theory to regional frequency analysis in power systems. A novel methodology combines centre of inertia (COI) location with community detection, using an improved label propagation algorithm and spectral centrality analysis. The approach evaluates frequency dynamics by analysing COI behaviour at key buses. The framework divides the grid into well-defined clusters with strong internal connectivity and precise separation. Integrating topological data—such as generation locations and transmission line admittances- precisely identifies each cluster's COI. Simulations on the New England 68-bus test system validate the framework's effectiveness and accuracy.