Integrating the Dynamic Models of CE and Nordic Power Grids under Hybrid Real-time Co-simulation

Due to the current complexity of power systems, the need to test, analyze, and verify potential control solutions through experiments close to reality is ever increasing. Therefore, hybrid modeling approaches and collaborative use of experimental laboratories that overcome potential limitations of single/isolated facilities become necessary. Within this context, the results of a research work where the phasor models of Continental Europe (CE) and the Nordic transmission grids were interfaced by a given HVDC representation, and integrated into an extended system for real-time simulations, are presented in this paper. Based on OPAL-RT simulators, two co-simulation schemes were developed and tested for the execution of the obtained model: a local non-distributed approach using a single Real Time Simulator (RTS), and a geographically distributed alternative considering two remotely located RTSs. Frequency dynamics of the expanded grid were assessed with steps on the exchanged active power through the HVDC link connecting the two co-simulated areas. According to the results, the geographically distributed configuration provided a viable alternative for the real-time simulation of very large power systems, overcoming limitations such as the size of the system that can be run in a particular target environment or unavailability to share grid models due to non-disclosure agreements. The obtained model and setups can now be utilized for multiple applications, including the development and evaluation of advanced and innovative control mechanisms for large and practical power grids under real-time HIL arrangements.