Information to action: Decoding disaster preparedness against cyclones through Protection Motivation Theory and Mastery of Life in Indian Sundarbans

Understanding how individuals translate disaster information into protective actions is central to enhancing disaster preparedness. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in conjunction with Mastery of Life (MOL) to examine the cognitive mechanisms underpinning cyclone preparedness in the Indian Sundarbans, a region characterized by high vulnerability and recurrent cyclonic events. Using survey data from 1352 respondents and Structural Equation Modelling, the study investigates how disaster-related information affects key PMT constructs i.e., threat appraisal and coping appraisal, and how these appraisals interact with MOL typologies to shape preparedness intentions and behaviours. Results indicate that timely, credible information significantly improves perceived threat severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy, and response efficacy, while reducing the influence of maladaptive responses. MOL dimensions, particularly optimistic-cognitive and defensive-affective orientations, enhance problem-solving capacity and positively mediate the relationship between cognitive appraisal and action. In contrast, pessimistic orientations diminish preparedness intent. The findings highlight the importance of integrating information delivery systems with local experiential knowledge and psychosocial factors to strengthen risk communication and community resilience. This research contributes to the evidence base for interdisciplinary disaster preparedness strategies, advocating for theory-informed, context-specific interventions to reduce cyclone risk in vulnerable settings.