Constitutional systems under international sanctions: legal resilience and limits of autonomy

This scientific article is dedicated to the public law analysis of the legal sustainability and limits of the autonomy of national constitutional systems under international sanctions. This scientific topic is particularly relevant at present in light of the fact that international sanctions have transformed from an exceptional mechanism of international accountability into a regularly applied form of geopolitical pressure, encompassing a wide range of impacts: from restrictions on foreign economic activities to targeted measures against specific power institutions and public officials. In this context, a legitimate question arises: to what extent do such measures affect not only the economic or diplomatic sphere but also the fundamental parameters of the internal legal order, primarily the constitutional systems of states that find themselves under external sanctions? The study employs a range of research methods, in particular: formal-logical; comparative legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; legal hermeneutics; and case studies. The aim of this research is to identify the scale, directions, and consequences of the impact of international sanctions on the constitutional systems of states. This discussion involves not only general theoretical constructs but also empirically observable institutional reactions that are forming in states subjected to sanctions imposed by entities such as the European Union, the United States, the UN Security Council, or groups of states. The analysis of legal mechanisms for adaptation and resistance in such conditions allows us to discover both elements of destruction—such as undermining the legitimacy of institutions, weakening constitutional control, and reducing the transparency of legislation—and elements of transformational resilience, where the system, despite pressure, maintains basic constitutional principles, develops mechanisms for internal legal balance, and confirms the autonomy of normative will.