THE MIGRATION CRISIS AND EXTREMISM AS A CHALLENGE TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN AND DEMOCRACY IN THE SCANDINAVIAN REGION

The article examines the problem of Muslim migration to the Kingdom of Sweden.The Muslim diaspora, and in particular the Turkish and Arab ones, today play an important role in the social, economic and demographic spheres of the country's life.The Muslim diaspora in Sweden began to form in the sixties of the twentieth century.After the end of World War II, the country needed cheap labor.The first workers came from Turkey.Ten years later, they began to bring their families and receive Swedish citizenship.In 1979, political refugees from Iran began to arrive in Sweden, who fled after the fall of the Shah's regime and the victory of the Islamic Revolution.In the eighties, even more refugees from Iran began to arrive in the country, fleeing the Iran-Iraq War.In the 21st century, residents of Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria arrived in the country, who also fled from wars in their countries.Muslim migrants formed their diasporas.They are not homogeneous.The divisions are based on religion, into Shiites and Sunnis, and on ethnicity.A parallel society has developed in Sweden.There are difficulties in the integration of Muslim migrants.This is explained by the underdeveloped state program for the integration of the new population, poor knowledge of the Swedish language and low level of education.Muslim migrants live in large cities of the country in separate areas, forming their own enclaves.In such enclaves, their own economy is developing, usually represented by small businesses, cultural customs are preserved, communication occurs in the native languages of the migrants, Turkish, Arabic, Farsi or Urdu.The birth rate among migrants is high.Experts fear an increase in the number of Muslims due to the natural population growth in the diaspora.Muslim youth in Sweden feel like strangers.They become a target for the propaganda of Islamic fundamentalism, which pushes them to commit terrorist acts, which leads to a threat to the national security of the country.Also, all of the above factors contribute to the growth of xenophobia and Islamophobia in Swedish society, which increases the popularity of right-wing political parties that offer quick radical solutions to the current problem.The Swedish government approaches the solution of all of the above problems systematically, by increasing programs for the integration of migrants, offering Swedish language courses, educational programs, solutions to the issue of employment and deradicalization among Muslims to prevent the spread of Islamic fundamentalism.