The Dynamic Response Study of Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank on Offshore Floating Platforms Under Sloshing Loads

Abstract Hydrogen can serve as an efficient energy-storage medium, making it currently the clean energy source with the greatest development potential. Hydrogen production from offshore wind power in the deep-sea area is an excellent source of green hydrogen. This paper investigates the modal characteristics, sloshing response, gas-liquid flow, and thermodynamic properties of a liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage tank subjected to sloshing loads through numerical simulation. The results show that the first-order natural frequency of the tank is 8.56Hz, which is higher than the excitation frequency range of ocean waves and avoids the occurrence of resonance. The random vibration analysis further verifies the structural safety of the tank, and the overall deformation and stress meet the design requirements. At different filling rates, the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of LH2 show significant differences. When the filling rate is 50%, the LH2 sloshing is severe and the gas phase temperature decreases slowly; at 70% and 90% filling rates, the LH2 flow rate is significantly reduced, the sloshing degree is weakened, the gas phase temperature decreases rapidly, and the cooling effect is significantly enhanced. In addition, the liquid sloshing under low filling rate leads to a large fluctuation of liquid pressure, while the high filling rate effectively suppresses the sloshing phenomenon and the pressure fluctuation tends to be stable. This study could provide technical support for ensuring the stability and safety of cryogenic vessels under sloshing loads.