Toward the engineering of plant pattern recognition receptors for durable disease resistance

Reverse engineering of the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 reveals key design principles of broader recognition spectra against evading flg22 epitopes 2 1 LRR20-EJM GmFLS2b is essential to recognize flg22 Rso .LRR12-19 GmFLS2b and N-LRR11 GmFLS2b have positive and negative effect, respectively. While flg22 Atum of Agrobacterium tumefaciens acts as a weak agonist to evade grapevine (Vitis vinifera) VvFLS2 recognition, VrFLS2XL of wild grape (Vitis riparia) can recognize flg22 Atum . Chimeric receptor/domain swapping approach reveals that LRR12-19 VrFLS2XL is crucial for flg22 Atum recognition. AF3-predicted potential flg22 Atum -interacting polymorphic residues within LRR12-19 VrFLSXL .