Ecological Model for the Growth of 15 Wetland Plants Based on the Experiment and Dynamics Simulation

ABSTRACT Wetlands are vital ecosystems that play a crucial role in water purification, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Understanding the growth dynamics of wetland plants is essential for optimizing these ecological functions. In this study, we developed a growth model for wetland plants based on ecological dynamics. The growth patterns of 15 distinct wetland species were simulated, followed by a comparative analysis of their growth characteristics. A micro‐constructed wetland system was established within an artificial climate chamber, where these 15 plant species were cultivated. Biomass measurements were recorded, and the parameters of the growth model were calibrated and validated using experimental data. The simulated values for these wetland species aligned closely with the observed data, indicating a high degree of consistency. This alignment was supported by calculating the correlation coefficient ( R value), the root mean square error–observations standard deviation ratio ( RSR ) and the index of agreement ( IOA ) across all state variables, all of which confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Furthermore, growth scenarios under oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions revealed that Lycoris flava , Oenanthe javanica , Canna indica and Echinodorus berteroi exhibited rapid growth under eutrophic conditions, with biomass exceeding 100 g. These species outperformed others, demonstrating strong adaptability and efficient nutrient utilization in high‐nutrient environments. This study provides a robust theoretical foundation for understanding the growth processes of wetland plants, enhancing the efficiency of wetland‐based wastewater treatment and elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant absorption and transformation by wetland plants. The findings ultimately contribute to the protection and restoration of wetland ecosystems.