Intra-industry trade intensity between Poland and key economic partners: evidence from 2000–2022

The aim of this article is to examine how the intensity of bilateral intra-industry trade between Poland and its selected economic partners changed in 2000–2022. To analyse the changes in the intensity of intra-industry trade, we used Grubel–Lloyd indices, calculated on the basis of data including 6-digit product groups as classified in the HS nomenclature (UN COMTRADE database). The research results demonstrate that the most intensive intra-industry trade exists between Poland and Germany, Czechia, France, Hungary, Spain, Italy and the United States. For these seven trading partners, GL index values mostly exceeded 0.3 during the research period.