Non-linear association between surgical duration and length of hospital stay in primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty: a secondary analysis based on a retrospective cohort study in Singapore

Our findings demonstrate a complex, non-linear relationship between surgical duration and LOS in TKA. Anemia status and physiological reserve significantly modulate this association, suggesting the need for personalized perioperative management strategies. These insights may optimize surgical planning and resource allocation in orthopedic interventions.