Navigating Green Knowledge Management: A Systematic Literature Review on Implementation, Challenges and Best Practices

Green Knowledge Management (GKM) has emerged as a strategic approach to managing, disseminating and applying environmental knowledge to enhance sustainable organisational performance. Although GKM holds significant potential in driving green innovation and fostering competitive advantage, its implementation across various sectors continues to face substantial challenges. This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to explore the strategies used in implementing GKM, identify the major challenges encountered, and highlight best practices that improve its effectiveness. Adopting the PRISMA guidelines, 100 peer-reviewed journal articles from the Scopus database were analysed thematically and descriptively to identify key themes, research trends and conceptual gaps. The findings reveal that effective GKM implementation requires the integration of green organisational culture, transformational green leadership, digital technologies (including AI, Big Data and IoT), external stakeholder collaboration and performance measurement through tailored Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). However, barriers such as low employee awareness, insufficient managerial commitment, limited technological infrastructure and weak collaboration with external partners continue to impede progress. Best practices include green training and human resource development, investment in green RnD and innovation, incentive systems for knowledge sharing, and alignment of GKM strategies with environmental policy and firm-specific contexts. This study contributes to advancing the theoretical foundations and practical applications of GKM, offering valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners and scholars seeking to enhance sustainability outcomes and organisational resilience in the era of the green economy.