Between staying and leaving: Understanding depopulation in Sicily's inner areas

The depopulation of Italian mountain areas, particularly in the so-called “inner areas”, represents a significant socio-demographic challenge. This study investigates the dynamics of depopulation in four Sicilian municipalities - Novara di Sicilia, Castroreale, San Fratello, and Ucria - characterized by economic marginalization and demographic decline. Using a qualitative approach based on focus groups, we analyze the perceptions, challenges, and strategies of local communities. The study also applies Correspondence Analysis to examine patterns of association between qualitative variables. Findings highlight a paradox: while these regions are crucial for national ecological balance and cultural heritage, they face severe infrastructural limitations and service deficiencies that exacerbate migration trends. Policy implications focus on sustainable revitalization strategies, digital connectivity, and targeted interventions to foster territorial resilience. • Explores the demographic decline of four mountain municipalities in central Sicily • Combines qualitative focus groups with correspondence analysis • Captures local narratives and community-based resilience strategies • Contextualises depopulation within broader European and regional dynamics • Proposes policy recommendations for sustainable rural revitalisation