Development of interactive virtual laboratories for distance learning in natural sciences

The research investigates the existing interactive virtual laboratories used in distance learning in natural sciences, focusing on their functions, potentials, and limitations. To achieve this, a descriptive research design was employed, involving a comprehensive review of recent scientific publications, methodological resources, and institutional documentation related to the use of virtual laboratories within the educational process. The selected platforms were analyzed for their effectiveness in facilitating remote science education through interactive experiments, simulation of scientific phenomena, and visualization of complex concepts in biology, chemistry, and physics disciplines. Key features identified across all platforms include high interactivity, gamification elements, accuracy, and adaptability to users’ needs. The study also established criteria to assess the educational efficiency of these tools. A comparative analysis revealed the advantages (engagement, flexibility, and conceptual clarity) and the challenges, including technical limitations and the need for pedagogical assistance in distance learning in natural sciences. As a result, the research proposes specific organizational and instructional recommendations to support the effective implementation of virtual laboratories. The outcomes are particularly relevant for higher education institutions aiming to enhance the professional preparation of future specialists in natural sciences, particularly during crises when distance learning is more applicable.