Modelling PV system with Electric Vehicles in a Micro Grid

The growing deployment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) alongside residential photovoltaic (PV) systems introduces new operational complexities for modern power grids, particularly concerning load balancing and voltage regulation. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework that integrates a detailed PHEV demand model and a probabilistic PV generation model to assess security-related constraints in a microgrid environment. The proposed PHEV model accounts for user-specific behavior, including demographic employment patterns, brand-based vehicle specifications, and varying charging routines across weekdays and weekends. In parallel, the PV generation model simulates output using a stochastic clearness index and diverse panel configurations. The models are implemented on an expanded IEEE 33-bus distribution network to evaluate system performance under different conditions, focusing on voltage deviations, reverse power flow thresholds, and generation adequacy. Findings underscore the importance of transformer ratings and reverse power limitations, especially in the absence of grid export capabilities. Moreover, the study examines cost-effective strategies through capacity adequacy analysis, highlighting the need for optimized local trading mechanisms. The results offer valuable guidance for integrating variable solar energy with rising electric vehicle demand in microgrid settings, contributing to future work on grid resilience and energy planning.