What are training scars in police training? A conceptual synthesis developed using a rapid integrative review

The concept of "training scars"—unintended and potentially harmful habits acquired through training—has received limited scholarly attention despite its relevance to officer safety. Although widely referenced in military and police training communities, the term remains colloquial and lacks a formal definition, theoretical grounding, and operational guidance. This conceptual synthesis marks the initial phase of a broader effort to develop the concept. We conducted a rapid integrative review to identify definitions, examples, attributes, related terms, and mitigation strategies. Searches across academic databases and grey literature revealed that references are largely anecdotal, with few empirical studies. Our findings underscore the need for conceptual clarity, consistent terminology, and systematic evaluation. Ultimately, we aim to construct a consensus definition and framework for identifying and addressing training scars across officer-safety disciplines (e.g., defensive tactics, firearms). This foundational review lays the groundwork for a Delphi study with international experts to further develop the concept.