Role of CLE peptide signaling in AM symbiosis regulation

Role of CLE peptide signaling in AM symbiosis regulationArbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis formed between most land plants (including many crops) and soil fungi from the Glomeromycotina sub-phylum ranks among the most significant partnerships on earth 1 .AM symbiosis centers around nutrient exchange: up to 20% of the plant-fixed organic carbon can be allocated to the fungus, while the fungus provides phosphorus and nitrogen to the plant 2 .Recent studies indicate that plant communities globally allocate 3.93 Gt CO 2 e annually to AM fungi, underscoring its pivotal role in mitigating carbon emissions 3 .It has been shown that plants control AM symbiosis through CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptides signaling and their respective CLAVATA family receptor-like kinases 4 .Some MtCLE genes were found highly induced during root colonization 4 : When MtCLE53 is ectopically overexpressed, this gene inhibits fungal root colonization and downregulates genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis.This function depends on the receptor-like kinase SUNN (CLAVATA1) 4 .Overexpression of MtCLE16 promotes AM fungal colonization, requiring the pseudokinase CORYNE 5 .The role of other AM-regulated CLE peptides still remains unknown.