JUSTIFICATION OF THE BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF EQUIVALENT STRESSES IN THE ALVEOLARY PROCESS AND DENTAL LUXATORS ANGLE INCLINATION DURING TOOTH EXTRACTION

Introduction. The removal of mesially inclined, impacted lower third molars continues to pose a complex challenge in dental surgery due to their frequent impaction, dystopia, and intricate topographic relationship with anatomical structures, particularly the inferior alveolar nerve. Materials and methods. The biomechanical analysis and mathematical model were developed using the FEMAP 10.2.0 software. This method enables the optimization of dental luxators, reducing the load on the alveolar bone and periodontium. Results. The angle β of the elevator's inclination to the horizontal plane changes from 0° to 25°, the increase in load on the apex of the alveolar process is negligible (not exceeding 10%). However, at angles β greater than 30°, the load exerted by the elevator on the alveolar process significantly increases (ranging from 15% to 41%). It is advisable to apply the maximum load on the tooth being extracted when the angle β of the elevator's inclination to the horizontal plane does not exceed 25°. Given that the absolute values of the load do not have a significant impact on solving the posed problem (since any reference load value can be used to compare the maximum values of equivalent stresses arising at the point of contact between the working part of the elevator and the hard tissues of the alveolar process in different positions of the dental elevator), the calculated value of the vertical load distributed over the end of the working part of the elevator is assumed to be 10 N. Further assessment of the stress-strain state of the alveolar process bone tissue is most appropriately conducted using finite element modeling. This method allows for the consideration of both the diversity of geometric forms and the specific physical-mechanical characteristics of the hard tissues of the dentoalveolar complex. Conclusion. The positioning of the fulcrum point for the elevator working part on the crest of the alveolar ridge should be as close as possible to the angle of the mandible. This is determined by the anatomical feasibility of positioning the elevator handle closer to the mandibular ramus.