ORAL HEALTH RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

The study is a fragment of the research project “Stratification of risk factors and pathogenetic aspects of periodontal diseases and their prevention and treatment in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes”, state registration No.0122U201639. The results of a clinical study of oral health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus are presented with purpose to determine the characteristics of the course of caries and gingivitis and risk factors for the development of dental diseases. Material and methods: 55 adolescents were examined (30 children in the study group with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 25 in the control group), which included anamnestic data with the completion of a questionnaire, medical characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus, determination of the clinical condition of hard tissues of teeth and gums using paraclinical indices, and statistical methods for evaluating the results obtained. Results of the study. High index values of caries intensity were recorded in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMFT: 5.90±3.08 teeth), however, no significant differences were found (p=0.838) compared to the control group (DMFT: 5.72±3.40 teeth). The study group’s hygiene index (OHI-S score of 1.72±0.54 points) indicates a higher level of oral hygiene compared to the control group (OHI-S: 1.69±0.61 points), however, there was no significant difference in these index’s (p=0.675). The inflammatory processes in the gums, according to paraclinical indices was higher in the group of children with DM1, but no significant differences were registered. Among local factors, inflammatory processes in the gums were caused by inadequate oral hygiene according to the Silness-Loe Plaque Index (rs=0.67, p<0.01), the calculus index (rs=0.71, p<0.01), and carious cavities on the proximal surfaces of molars. Conclusions. The high prevalence of caries and gingival inflammation in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus is due to behavioral (low level of awareness of professional and individual oral care), local (high hygienic indices), and disease-modifying factors that influence plaque formation.