IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN TUMORS OF THE MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Every year, 10 million new cases of neoplasms are observed in the world, and mortality from malignant tumors will increase to 45% by 2030, according to the American Hospital Association, when compared with 2007 statistics. New methods of treating neoplasms appear every year, both in the maxillofacial region and in other anatomical areas. Purpose of the study. To investigate the state of immunological indicators of patients with benign tumors of the major salivary glands. By examining blood samples, we diagnosed 30 patients with benign tumors of the salivary glands who were inpatients in the surgical department of the Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Education of the National Research Institute of Medical and Dental Sciences "ZDMFU" in 2023-2025. Analysis of the results of immunograms showed that the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+/45+), T-helper (CD3+4+/45+), NK-cells (CD 16+56+), B-lymphocytes (CD19+) were within the reference range, and the value of T-suppressor (CD3+8+/45+) – 40.37±0.05 was observed above the norm. The index of the T helper/suppressor ratio of 1.04±0.04 showed reduced results. Based on the data of the analysis of immunograms, we determined the inhibition of the production of antibodies to foreign cells, which can contribute to the recurrence of benign tumors of the salivary glands. An increase in the level of Tsuppressors (CD8⁺) in patients with benign tumors of the salivary glands indicates the activation of the immunoregulatory link, which is probably a compensatory reaction of the body to the long-term existence of the tumor. Such an immune profile may contribute to the formation of local immune tolerance to the tumor process. A decrease in the ratio of T-helpers to T-suppressors (CD4⁺/CD8⁺) to values below normal indicates an imbalance in the cellular immune system, which may complicate effective immune surveillance and contribute to chronic inflammation or even prolonged tumor growth. Immunological disorders can be both a consequence of the action of the tumor itself, which produces immunosuppressive factors, and the result of a systemic violation of immune homeostasis. This emphasizes the importance of assessing the immune status of patients for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.