Thermal and Vibration Energy Harvester Enabled Batteryless Smart Sensor for Condition Monitoring of HVDC Converters

The converter valve is a pivotal element in direct current (DC) transmission systems, whose reliable operation is essential for ensuring system stability and safety. Given the challenges of using batteries in such environments, this study explores ambient energy harvesting using thermoelectric generators (TEG) and vibration power generators (VPG). A novel sensor capable of operating with both TEG and VPG is proposed. Experimental platforms replicating the heat and vibration conditions of HVDC converter valves are developed, and the sensor's performance is evaluated under a thermal environment of 38° C and a field-replicated vibration profile. The results demonstrate the sensor's effective operation, offering a solution for batteryless monitoring in HVDC systems.