Single Phase Grid-Forming Control Implementation on Embedded Electric Vehicle Charger for V2X Applications

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces significant challenges to grid stability and energy management. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications offer an innovative solution by leveraging EVs as decentralized energy resources. Studying single-phase systems is an essential part of the V2X cases. Today, conventional grid-following control approaches in embedded chargers are limited to grid-connected scenarios and can face instability issues in weak grid conditions. Hence, grid-forming control emerges as a universal control strategy. This paper explores the implementation of GFM control on embedded single-phase EV chargers, emphasizing the constraints of small connection inductance and the necessity of robust power calculation methods. A novel quadrature signal generation method, the Virtual Phase Generator (VPG), is proposed to improve stability margins and ensure accurate power computation. The effectiveness of the approach is validated through dynamic simulations.