I2D-IoT: IOTA-Based IoT System for Data Integrity and Access Control

The Internet of Things (IoT) embeds various modules into physical objects to connect them to the internet. However, due to the low power and limited computing capabilities of IoT devices, it is difficult to ensure data integrity and secure access control. To address these limitations, various studies have attempted to integrate blockchain technology into IoT systems. Nevertheless, challenges such as low scalability and difficulties in storing large-scale data remain. In this paper, we propose the I2D (IOTA-IPFS-DID)-IoT system to overcome these issues. The I2DIoT system integrates Internet of Things Application (IOTA), InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), Decentralized Identity (DID), and Verifiable Credential (VC). In the proposed system, collected data is uploaded to IPFS, a distributed file system, generating a Content Identity (CID). Only the CID is recorded on IOTA, a distributed ledger technology, to ensure data integrity. In addition, a DID-based authentication mechanism enables access control without a central server. Experimental results show that the I2D-IoT system successfully performs both data integrity and access control. CPU and memory usage were measured, and CPU utilization remained under 10%, except during synchronization with the IOTA network.