Technoeconomic Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies for Enhancing Post-Fault Recovery in Large-Scale Electrolyzer Facilities

The transition to renewable energy and the large-scale integration of electrolyzer facilities is increasing the importance of Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities and post-fault recovery strategies. Electrolyzers face challenges in meeting rapid post-fault recovery requirements due to limitations in their ramp-up rate, posing a reliability risk to the grid. This paper presents a technoeconomic analysis of energy storage systems (ESS) for post-fault recovery support in large-scale electrolyzer facilities. The study evaluates lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheels, assessing their scalability, and costs. A DIgSILENT PowerFactory two-bus grid model is used to simulate short-circuit events, assessing the role of ESS in stabilizing system frequency during electrolyzer ramp-up post-fault. The results demonstrate that ESS improve system frequency and voltage angle behavior during electrolyzer post-fault recovery. While all three ESS technologies showed certain advantages for rapid-response scenarios, lithium-ion batteries stand out as currently the most scalable solution for large-scale deployment. These findings contribute to the development of hybrid ESS configurations for the integration of electrolyzers into the grid, ensuring compliance with evolving grid codes and ensuring grid reliability.