A Conceptual Framework for Multi-Drone Environmental Monitoring in Industrial Zones

This study presents a conceptual framework for drone-assisted environmental monitoring specifically designed for industrial areas, emphasising Jubail Industrial City—one of the largest petrochemical centres worldwide. The research introduces a high-resolution airborne sensing system utilising the DJI Matrice 300 RTK platform, together with a Sniffer4D multi-gas sensor suite for the real-time detection, mapping, and monitoring of atmospheric contaminants. The framework delineates essential system requirements, mission planning protocols, and anticipated operational efficacy, seeking to address the spatial and temporal constraints of conventional ground-based monitoring techniques. The deployment of a coordinated multi-drone fleet is assessed using simulation-based planning, illustrating its capability to monitor emission hotspots and dynamically trace pollution plumes during peak industrial hours. The suggested methodology highlights scalable deployment, operational adaptability, and integration with GIS platforms for real-time environmental intelligence. The system is presently at a conceptual phase, although the design establishes a robust basis for eventual field deployment. This research offers potential for facilitating data-driven environmental policy, regulatory enforcement, and industrial compliance in areas sensitive to emissions.