An SGAM-based Computational Independent Model to enable V2G energy arbitrage

Bidirectional smart charging for Electric Vehicles (EVs), particularly in the context of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services, remains at a nascent stage of technological maturity. Although considerable studies emphasize the advantages of integrating EVs as distributed energy assets in the energy market, there is a significant lack of advanced V2G use cases to incentivize EV owners to engage as prosumers. This paper examines the functional viability of bidirectional energy arbitrage for EVs from public charging stations, proposing a solution for the European energy market. Using the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) framework, the study develops a bidirectional smart charging use case to directly introduce EVs’ loads in energy trading through aggregation in the electricity market. The system analysis features harmonized roles defined by ENTSO-E while being supported by IEC standards and previous SGAM models for international adoption. The resulting model that encompasses the Business, Function, and Information layers of the system’s architecture is a Computational Independent Model (CIM) that serves as a foundation for further exploration to implement this concept.