Single-ended transient-based fault identification algorithm using bandlimited measurement devices for HVAC grids

This paper addresses the estimation of fault locations in a HVAC grid from single-ended measurements. Measurements acquired within a substation by strongly bandlimited voltage and current sensors are exploited in combination with a parametric traveling-wave model depending on the fault characteristics to get a least-squares estimate of the fault location and resistance. A coarse estimate of the fault location is already obtained considering the first incident traveling wave. This estimate can be refined accounting for reflected waves, at the price of a higher computational complexity and estimation delay.