Co-Simulation and MAS Approach for Assessment of Large-Scale Electrolysers Potential in Flexibility Markets

The integration of large-scale electrolysers into electricity grids is pivotal for the hydrogen transformation of the industry. This integration is expected to have a high impact on the grids, but also significant potential to enhance grid flexibility and stability. This paper presents a toolbox to evaluate the impact of large-scale electrolyser roll-out on grid congestion management and ancillary services using a co-simulation and multi-agent system (MAS) approach. Using open-source frameworks, the proposed approach enables the analysis of electrolysers’ operational strategies and their effects on both grid stability and electrolyser longevity. Using the proposed toolbox, this work provides multiple exemplary scenarios to assess the trade-offs between grid support and electrolyser degradation. The results illustrate how the co-simulation MAS system can be utilized to plan electrolyser deployment while managing degradation impacts. This work provides an open-source tool for researchers and decision-makers to explore the potential of electrolysers in future energy systems.