Exploring the Link Between COVID-19 and Liver Abscess Formation: A Tertiary Care Center-Based Analysis of Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications

Background Liver abscess is a potential concern among liver health complications. With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) capable of inducing inflammation and immune dysfunction, this study aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 infection and liver abscess risk. Methods This prospective study was conducted at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS), Saifai, Etawah, India. A sample of 150 patients with radiologically diagnosed liver abscesses was enrolled. Patient data, including COVID-19 history, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities, were collected, and laboratory parameters were analyzed, including inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Results The average age of participants was 48.3 years, with a male preponderance (73.3%). Among those with liver abscesses, 60% had a history of COVID-19, and of these, 43.3% required hospitalization, with 20% needing ICU care. High prevalence rates of diabetes (40%) and liver cirrhosis (23.3%) were noted. Percutaneous drainage was the most common treatment, achieving a recovery rate of 80%. Elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and liver abscess risk. Conclusion The study highlighted that severe COVID-19, especially in patients with diabetes or liver cirrhosis, increases the risk of liver abscess. Routine monitoring for liver health in these patients is recommended.