A Lifecycle-Based Evaluation Framework for Health Information Systems in Saudi Arabia Aligning Global Standards With National Implementation Needs

Health information systems are vital for healthcare modernization; however, their implementation across Saudi Arabia remains inconsistent due to technical, organizational, and governance challenges. Current evaluation methods lack lifecycle coverage and fail to align with international standards. This study proposes a lifecycle-based evaluation framework tailored to the Saudi context, integrating findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable principles along with Health Level Seven (HL7)/Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standards and the CApable Reuse of EHR Data (CARED) architecture across three phases: pre-implementation, implementation, and post-deployment. Developed using a design science research methodology, the framework addresses key gaps in planning, interoperability, usability, and the use of secondary data. A multi-phase evaluation strategy comprising Delphi consensus, literature benchmarking, scenario-based simulations, and pilot trials is recommended. The framework incorporates measurable indicators and scalable tools to support Saudi Vision 2030, enhance the effectiveness of the health information system, and guide policymakers and informatics leaders in developing sustainable, standards-aligned digital health infrastructure.