Operating autonomous tanker vessels in Malaysian territorial waters: Focus on security and emergency response preparedness

This research investigates Malaysia’s preparedness for deploying autonomous tanker vessels within its territorial waters, with an emphasis on cybersecurity and emergency response strategies. The study fills a critical research gap by analyzing the perspectives of 100 maritime stakeholders, including shipowners, port authorities, regulatory bodies, and cybersecurity experts, to assess the technological, infrastructural, and policy challenges Malaysia faces in adopting autonomous shipping. The methodology integrates qualitative interviews and surveys to explore concerns such as cybersecurity risks, emergency response mechanisms, and port infrastructure readiness. Key findings reveal moderate awareness of autonomous technologies, with significant concerns about cybersecurity vulnerabilities, the absence of adequate regulatory frameworks, and infrastructural deficiencies. Public acceptance of these technologies remains a challenge, highlighting the need for better stakeholder engagement. Recommendations focus on enhancing cybersecurity protocols, developing comprehensive emergency response systems, and fostering regional collaboration to support a smooth transition to autonomous maritime operations in Malaysia. Highlights There are gaps in infrastructure and cybersecurity, but there is a moderate awareness of autonomous vessels and confidence in technology. Stakeholders are unaware of particular protocols for autonomous vessels and are worried about cybersecurity threats. Emergency response systems must be improved, with an emphasis on fail-safe procedures and real-time monitoring. Public trust and awareness of autonomous vessels are low, requiring better communication and engagement to address safety concerns. Malaysia needs to improve cybersecurity, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks for safe integration of autonomous vessels.