Activated carbon derived from natural fiber precursor for next generation electrode materials for supercapacitors

The depletion of fossil fuels reserves attracts attention from the scientists and researchers to develop materials which is sustainable, cost effective, green and ecofriendly. The growing demand for renewable high performance energy storage systems made to explore natural fiber precursors to develop carbon nanomaterials for next generation energy storage devices. This paper focuses on synthesis of carbon electrodes from natural fibers using various carbonization and activation methods, with the main emphasis on bio-charring process. Activation methods are mainly employed to transform surface composition of nanomaterials, thereby creating a layered and porous structure which is needed for electrodes fabrication for energy storage devices. This paper review recent development of electrode nanomaterials, from lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose nanofibers from natural fiber obtained precursors for supercapacitor applications, highlighting their preparation methods, electrochemical characteristics, performance, renewable and sustainable nature. The derived carbon nanomaterial is engineered to exhibit improved energy and power density, specifically for supercapacitor applications. The paper emphasizes nano dimensions of carbon nanomaterials from natural fiber as electrode materials. It discusses recent challenges, properties, characteristics, and future research directions in developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly supercapacitors for energy storage. Despite, the growing interest in biomass derived carbon electrodes for supercapacitors, no prior review focusing specifically on natural fiber precursors for supercapacitors. This study, therefore, provides a novel contribution to the energy storage field.