Analysis and development trends of the pig industry in Kazakhstan

The problem of increasing the efficiency of pig production is one of the most important for agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Increasing efficiency is dictated by the need to increase the volume of domestic meat production to meet the population's needs for this food product and achieve food security parameters. Prospects for developing the pig breeding industry are associated with modern achievements in genetics, biotechnology, feeding, and information technology. At the present stage of animal husbandry development, special importance is attached to molecular genetic research, innovative methods for assessing the breeding value of animals, and the reproduction of valuable genotypes. This article presents materials on the study's results on the population, breed composition, and productive potential of pig breeds in Kazakhstan, as well as a comparison with some indicators of the development of the pig breeding industry in the world. The pork share in world meat production is 38-40%, in Russia - 30-32%, and in Kazakhstan - 14-15%. The volume of pork production in the world per year is more than 108 thousand tons. In the country, pig farming is most developed in the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic; in second place is the Pavlodar region, and slightly inferior in terms of pig population are Karaganda and Kostanay regions. A significant pig population falls on agricultural enterprises - 55.3%, households - 33.1%, and the share of IE and PF reaches 11.6%. The breeding stock of pigs is represented by the following breeds - large white (Yorkshire), Landrace, Duroc, Aksai black-and-white, Edelschwein, and Pietrain. The most common breed is significant white - more than 34%. Based on the results of the conducted bonitation, the average indicators of economically valuable traits for pig breeds in the surveyed pig farms of various regions of Kazakhstan are presented. The total number of animals surveyed was 26,062 heads.